Freedom and my story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom and my story - Essay Example When I am here in America, I can leave my house at anytime I wish to attend my friends’ functions and other events since the country does not restrict me from doing so at any time I wish to. However, back in my country, I cannot enjoy similar freedom since my country forbids people especially women from moving around freely because of societal beliefs that are connected to the main religion; Islam. When attending my friends’ parties, we listen and dance to music since I like dancing so much. The people in U.S enjoy many forms of freedom most of which are not available in Saudi Arabia. While anyone in U.S can play and listen to any form of music that they please, my home country forbids that under religious beliefs. When I am in America, I have the freedom to listen to any music as well as dance to it at any place without any form of restrictions. This is not possible in my home country because music is seen as a way of distracting the country’s highly religious population. In fact, when I go to a mall in Saudi Arabia for shopping, I cannot enjoy listening to music while shopping since it is forbidden. Meanwhile, when doing my shopping here in U.S, which I frequently do when accompanied by my friends, I enjoy listening to cool music. I enjoy this freedom because my shopping experience becomes more enjoyable. In America, I can take any course without restrictions w hereas my home country prohibits learning music in public schools making it very hard for my friends who love music to study it. For this reason, some of my friends come to America to pursue their careers in music. Personally, I am a social person. I socialize with different types of people when in school and when doing my day-to-day activities. When I am in U.S, I enjoy the freedom of socializing with different types people, as it is my nature to interact with people. Going back to my home country, this is virtually impossible especially when in a public

Loan Management System Essay Example for Free

Loan Management System Essay The Traditional way of maintaining details of a user in a bank was to enter the details and record them. Every time the user need to perform some transactions he has to go to bank and perform the necessary actions, which may not be so feasible all the time. It may be a hard-hitting task for the users and the bankers too. The project gives real life understanding of Online Banking System and activities performed by various roles in the supply chain. Here, we provide an automation for banking system through Internet. Online Banking System project captures activities performed by different roles in real life banking which provides enhanced techniques for maintaining the required information upto-date, which results in efficiency. The project gives real life understanding of Online Banking System and activities performed by various roles in the supply chain. Scope of the Project This Project investigates the entry threshold for providing a new transaction service channel via the real options approach, where the entry threshold is established by using an Internet banking system designed for the use of normal users(individuals), Industrialists, Entrepreneurs, Educational Institutions(Financial sections), Organizations and Academicians under transaction rate uncertainty. Customer must have a valid User Id and password to login to the system If a wrong password is given thrice in succession, that account will be locked and the customer will not be able to use it. When an invalid password is entered a warning is given to the user that his account is going to get locked. After the valid user logs in he is shown the list of accounts he has with the bank. On selecting the desired account he is taken to a page which shows the present balance in that particular account number. User can request for the details of the last ‘n’ number of transactions that he has performed. A report can also be taken of this. User can make a funds transfer to another account in the same bank. User is provided with a transaction password which is different from the login password. User can transfer funds from his account to any other account with this bank. If the transaction is successful a notification should appear to the customer, in case it is unsuccessful, a proper message should be given to the customer as to why it failed. User can request for cheque book/change of address/stop payment of cheque’s User can view his monthly as well as annual statements. He can also take print out of the same. Generate reports at every section Administrator can take a back up of the database for every instance that is happening, periodically. All users are authenticated to avail the services FAQ section is also included for end users benefit.

Classifications of Liquid Crystals

Classifications of Liquid Crystals 1. Introduction 1. Introduction to Liquid Crystals 1.1 Historical background Liquid crystals are a unique state of matter, between solid (crystalline) and liquid (isotropic) phases some compounds form a distinct, different intermediate phase, sometimes referred to as the â€Å"fourth state of matter† or â€Å"mesophase†. These compounds display properties of both solid and liquid. Anisotropic intermolecular interactions of the molecules, or mesogens, within a liquid crystalline material mean that the molecules possess some orientational or positional order but with a lower degree of organisation compared with a crystalline solid. This means liquid crystals possess liquid-like flowing behaviour, but because of their positional order, such compounds are often more viscous. Liquid crystals are attributed to their sensitivity to various stimuli, such as temperature, electric and magnetic fields. This sensitivity, combined with the self-assembling behaviour of liquid crystals make them extremely interesting and fascinating for chemists and physicists . Friedrich Reinitzer, a botanist at the Karl-Ferdinands-Università ¤t was the first to discover and publish work on liquid crystals[1] in 1888. In this paper he described the melting phenomena of cholesterol benzoate, in which there were two melting points; the compound transforms into a cloudy fluid at 145.5  °C which became clear at 178.5  °C.[1] Reinitzer could not explain these observations, so he sought help from physicist Otto Lehmann, an expert in polarisation microscopy. Lehmann investigated the optical properties of the compound and found crystallites in the cloudy fluid, and observed this to be an intermediate phase (or â€Å"mesophase† – from Ancient Greek,ÃŽ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ­ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (mà ©sos) meaning â€Å"middle†) between the liquid and solid phase. This intermediate phase showed birefringence but also flowed like a liquid.[2] In 1904, Lehmann was the first to coin the term â€Å"Liquid crystal† for these types of compounds. Vorlà ¤nder, a German chemist, was another pioneer in liquid crystal research and he discovered that molecular shape was very important in the geometry of the mesophase.[3] In 1935 Vorlà ¤nder retired but due to his research most of the liquid crystals up this date had been synthesised by him. For a long time liquid crystals were merely scientific curiosity.[4] The unique properties of liquid crystals together with some molecules being sensitive to electric fields, began the research by Heilmeier[5] in 1968 which led to the discovery and widespread applications in liquid crystal displays (LCDs).[6][7][8][9][10][11] 1.2 Classifying Liquid Crystals Liquid crystals are classified in many ways,[12][13] molecules within the mesophases (mesogens) can be calamitic (rod-like), discotic (disc-like), amphiphilic, nonamphiphilic, metal containing, non-metal containing and low molecular weight or polymeric. Liquid crystals either show thermotropic behaviour or lyotropic behaviour. Thermotropic behaviour means the compounds are liquid crystalline within a defined temperature range, below this range compounds are crystalline and above it compounds are isotropic liquids (figure 1). Thermotropic liquid crystalline compounds also require no solvent. Lyotropic liquid crystals are dependent on solvents, where solvent concentration affects aggregation and liquid crystal behaviour. Figure 1: Rod-like (calamitic) molecules representing molecular arrangement of thermotropic liquid crystalline phase transitions. This work is focused on calamitic, thermotropic liquid crystals. Mesophases of such liquid crystals can be divided into categories which depend on the orientation and order. The main categories are nematic (N), smectic (Sm) and cholesteric (N*) (or chiral nematic) (figure 2). Figure 2: Molecular arrangements of different sub-phase allignments. 1.2.2 Nematic Phases The nematic phase is the simplest mesophase known; there is long range orientational order between the mesogens but no short range positional order. Mesogens are able to freely translate and rotate along the director field (n) but are randomly distributed in space. â€Å"Nematic† comes from the Ancient Greek word ÃŽ ½ÃŽ µÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ± (â€Å"nema† meaning thread) as when observed through a microscope thread-like structures are observed. 1.2.1 Smectic Phases Liquid crystals with smectic mesophases were originally discovered from amphiphilic molecules, the phase type coming from the Ancient Greek word ÏÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ µÃŽ ºÃâ€žÃŽ ¿ÃÆ' (â€Å"smektos† meaning soap-like). Today, the word smectic is used for liquid crystals in which the molecules occupy orientational order, but are also organised in layers[14]. These organised layers can slide relative to each other, which contributes to the liquid character of the liquid crystal phase. Many smectic phases have been discovered, each smectic phase differs in the orientation and position of the mesogens.[15] Smectic phases are distinguished by letters; SmA, SmB, SmC etc. with SmA and SmC being the most common. Smectic phases are distinguished via the molecular orientation within the layers (figure 2).[16][17] Smectic A (SmA) mesophases have molecules aligned along a director field (n) and are parallel to the layer normal and in smectic C (SmC) mesophases the molecules are tilted at a certai n angle away from the layer normal.[17] Compounds exhibiting smectic mesophases are sometimes referred to as two dimensional liquids, since there is no positional order within each layer.[14] 1.2.3 Cholesteric Phases The cholesteric phase is the nematic phase only mesogens change orientation in a helical manner with respect to the director field (n). The director field in the cholesteric phase changes direction and is perpendicular to the direction of the helix. The chirality comes from the molecules orienting themselves into a helix; each layer is non-superimposable. Within the cholesteric mesophase is the pitch, which is defined as the distance between one mesogenic layer and another which has rotated 360  ° to the director field (figure 3). Figure 3: Representation of the cholesteric mesophase with the cholesteric pitch. The first observed liquid crystals based on cholesterol derivatives showed this mesophase type, which is where the mesophase name â€Å"cholesteric† originates.[1][2] 1.2.4 Chiral Liquid Crystals There are 3 main types of chiral liquid crystals. The first type was found with cholesterol benzoate (the first liquid crystal discovery) in which the molecule contains one or more stereocentres. These form liquid crystals with helical order in the mesophase. The second type contains two molecules; a chiral guest molecule and an achiral nematic molecule. These molecules are mixed together to form chiral cholesteric structures. In the third type, mesogens layer themselves perpendicular to each other forming a helix or twist. These molecules do not need to be chiral, as the perpendicular stacking form helixes, giving this third type the name twisted nematic. Twisted nematic phases are found in liquid crystal displays and chiral liquid crystals overall are useful in the field of stereochemistry, optics and material science.[12] 1.3 Ionic Liquid Crystals Knight and Shaw were the first to discover liquid crystals which were ionic in 1938; the compounds had a pyridinium cationic core and flexible alkyl chains attached.[18] Ionic liquid crystals possess properties characteristic of liquid crystals (molecular order, mobility, anisotropy of physical properties) and ionic liquids (conductivity, thermal stability)[19] making them very interesting and useful for ion conduction (aligned ionic liquids[20][21]), electroluminescence (which can be used in organic light emitting diodes), manufacturing of displays[10], spatial light modulators[22], optical connectors and switches[23], molecular sensors and detectors[24][25] References [1] F. Reinitzer, Monatsh Chem 1888, 9, 421–441. [2] O. Lehmann, Z Phys Chem 1889, 4, 462–472. [3] D. Vorlà ¤nder, Z Phys Chem 1923, 105, 211–254. [4] T. J. Sluckin, D. A. Dunmur, H. Stegemeyer, Crytals That Flow Classic Papers from the History of Liquid Crystals, 2004. [5] G. H. Heilmeier, L. A. Zanoni, L. A. Barton, Appl Phys Lett 1968, 13, 46–47. [6] M. Schadt, H. Seiberle, A. Schuster, Nature 1996, 381, 212–215. [7] M. Schadt, W. Helfrich, Appl Phys Lett 1971, 18, 127–128. [8] M. Schadt, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2009, 48, 03B001. [9] H. Kawamoto, Process IEEE 2002, 90, 460–500. [10] M. A. Karim, Electro-Optical Displays, CRC Press, 1992. [11] P. Yeh, C. Gu, Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays, John Wiley Sons, 2010. [12] I. Dierking, in Textures Liq. Cryst., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, 2003, pp. i–xi. [13] P. J. Collings, J. S. Patel, Handbook of Liquid Crystal Research, Oxford University Press, 1997. [14] A. Jakli, A. Saupe, One- and Two-Dimensional Fluids: Properties of Smectic, Lamellar and Columnar Liquid Crystals, CRC Press, 2006. [15] C. Bahr, in Chirality Liq. Cryst. (Eds.: H.-S. Kitzerow, C. Bahr), Springer New York, 2001, pp. 223–250. [16] M. Barà ³n, Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73, DOI 10.1351/pac200173050845. [17] B. Chen, X. B. Zeng, U. Baumeister, S. Diele, G. Ungar, C. Tschierske, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 4621–4625. [18] G. A. Knight, B. D. Shaw, J. Chem. Soc. 1938, 682–683. [19] K. Binnemans, Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 4148–4204. [20] T. Kato, Science 2002, 295, 2414–2418. [21] M. Yoshio, T. Kagata, K. Hoshino, T. Mukai, H. Ohno, T. Kato, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 5570–5577. [22] B. Bahadur, Liquid Crystals — Applications and Uses: (Volume 3), WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1992. [23] J. L. De Bougrenet de la Tocnaye, Liq. Cryst. 2004, 31, 241–269. [24] A. Hussain, A. S. Pina, A. C. A. Roque, Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009, 25, 1–8. [25] C. Ohm, M. Brehmer, R. Zentel, Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 3366–3387.

Capital Punishment Essay: Should Execution of Inmates be Televised?

Should the Execution of Death Row Inmates be Televised?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On discussing the appeal of the highly-rated CBS television show, "Survivor," host Jeff Probst said the "appeal of the show lies in the idea that it is truly a human experience" (Mason par. 3).   Now imagine a show in which American television viewers are permitted to watch the live execution of a Death Row inmate.   Would broadcasting a live execution have the same "appeal" as "Survivor"?   Or would televising an inmate's execution have horrific and harmful consequences on the American public, putting the issue of capital punishment, as well as their ethical standards, in jeopardy?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Televisions are present in 98-99% of American households, (comma splice) basically they are present in every American house.   American viewers watch televisions frequently and for a long duration of time, regarding what is seen on television as the most "credible, complete, intelligent, and unbiased source of news" (Leighton par. 10).   Therefore, because of this fact, proponents of televising executions believe that in doing so, the public creates a deterrent, allowing the whole process of the United States criminal justice system to play out in front of the American public via the most popular medium for doing so, the television ("Debate Lives On" par. 3).   A deterrent is a notion that the pain of punishment, (in this case, the pain of execution), will prevent human beings from committing crimes.   Therefore, if the American public could bear witness to the execution of a convicted man or woman, the image would be so shocking t o that viewers mind that the ability or desire of that person to commit a "death penalty" crime would decrease.   In essence, proponents of te... ... 2 June 2000.   Online.   Internet.   Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.csmonitor.com/durable/2000/06/02//fpl13sl-csm.shtml Miller, Matthew.   "Forget Conventions-televise executions."   Los Angeles Times Syndicate.   29 June 2000.   Online.   Internet.   Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.reporter-news.com/opinion/forgetconvensions/exe.htm Shapiro, Andrew L.   "State Killing: America's New Spectator Sport?"   Salon Magazine.   28 July 1997.   Online.   Internet.   Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.salonmagazine.com/mediacircus.html   "State Killing is Not the Answer."   Amnesty International-USA.   Press Release.   Guatamala.   26 June 200.   Online.   Internet.   Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.rights.amnesty.org/ainews.html White, James.   Contempory Moral Problems.   Fifth Edition.   West Publishing Company.   Minneapolis, 1997.

Management Styles Essay

Is a term that refers to the nature of the relationship between managers and non-managerial workforce. It includes not only the personal relationship between people but also the style of communication and the attitudes that managers have of employees and the attitudes they generate in employees. The term â€Å"leadership† is sometimes used. This refers to the ways in which managers achieve the attitudes and actions of their employees. Usually the actions desired are those which lead to the achievement of organizational objectives. A form of leadership therefore implies a style of management Authoritarian management style In authoritarian management style all policy, the decision making and objectives are set by the manager or the person in charge of the business, the flow communication is only one way and no feedback, employees can’t answer back, there’s no communication between them. The activities to achieve the objectives are set by the manager. Often, steps are given one at the time meaning that the future steps are uncertain to the team. The manager tends to specify the type of task and work colleagues of each team member. The manager offers personal praise or criticism of each member’s work. However he also remains distant from active participation in the group except when demonstrating. An employee now’s who gives the orders so it’s a clear chain of command. The major advantage of this is that it is always clear exactly what is wanted and tasks are very precisely defined. There is more efficiency, every one knows exactly what they have to do, there is no miss understanding. There are no disagreements; no arguments because there is no feedback and the decision making are mush swifter. The major disadvantages are that subordinates are not allowed to be innovative or to suggest alternative strategies. This means that their motivation and enthusiasm are likely to be low. There is a high de-motivation because they aren’t allowed to communicate back, wish employees feel depressed and lack of recognition, is when an individual thinks he is doing a pleasant job and doesn’t get any praise from the managers. Democratic management style In democratic management style all policies, decisions and objectives are decided by group discussion, however is still the managers who makes the last decision. There is to way communication flow, the manager tries to create better understanding by seeking employee’s opinions and ideas, wish motivates the workers because they feel more valued, more motivated and willing to work harder and maybe it could increase the quality of the products. Group members are able to work with whomever they wish, with division of tasks left up to the group. The manager tries to be objective in praising and criticizing the employee. However he also tries to be a member of the team without doing too much work on the business. The main advantage of the democratic approach is that it can be highly motivating to the employees. There is more point of views to help and manage the business properly and individuals feel more valued and motivated. The main disadvantages are that it can undermine the authority of management. Decision making may take longer to occur, might be less efficient management style, its time consuming, takes long time to make a decision on the business, however it depends on the occasion. Consultative management style In consultative management style the policy, decisions are set by the manager, although group member’s views are encouraged, to way communication flow and horizontal communication. Activities to achieve objectives are communicated to team members to inform and allow their comments in how they should plan their objectives, there is lot of teamwork, and relations are lot more equal to every employee, everyone listens to your opinion, there is more power to make decisions. Employees have more autonomy, more independence. Group members may have a say in the type of task set them and the work of colleagues they are put with, however this is very important because there would be no argument between employees and more product activity would be produced. The leader may be involved with team members in the achievement of business goals. However consultative management is appropriate to self starters because they’ve got the opportunity to use their own initiative to push them self’s to a higher level and to increase the business goals. Laissez-faire management style In Laissez-faire management style the employees has got complete freedom to make decisions, policies and the objectives. The manager has minimal involvement on how the business is going. The materials are supplied by the manager who makes it know that the other materials can be produced if requested. Manger has no other participation in discussion of the work. There is no participation at all by the leader in the achievement of objectives. No attempt is made by the leader to appraise or regulate the course of activity used by the team. Few comments on the activities are offered unless requested. However there is no deadline, so they’ve got all the time of the world to complete the task. The main advantages is that it allows for innovation and new ideas and is highly motivating, because everyone has the liberty to do what they want to do, they take their own decisions. There are no deadlines to meet. The major disadvantage is that subordinates are not always clear what they are supposed to be doing, or are allowed to do, and conflicts can easily arise. Caspian’s management style In my point of view I believe not only should a style of management be chosen according to the type of organization, it should be chosen to suit the particular situation in a given organization, however in this case is ‘Caspian’, wish publishes magazines and organises events. Managers must therefore choose a management style to suit the situation. In some situations, Caspian could use Autocratic management because the company as deadlines to meet, they always have to be on time with their product, unfortunately if they don’t they would definitely loss target audience. Therefore Caspian needs a strict management to meet deadlines and to bestow respect on the business and work efficient to produce good quality to achieve the organisation goals. The advantages of autocratic management, is that it would be more swiftly for decision making. There would be no miss understandings, less disagreements, less arguments, because there is only one communication flow, there is no feed back from the employees. The most important of all is, there would be a clear chain of command between the leader and worker because all employees now who gives the orders on the business. However not all autocratic advantages are suitable to Caspian because the employees need to have a say on how the business is run, the employees need to share their point of view with the managers and communicate with them anything that is troubling them at that stage, otherwise the employees would became de-motivated and not complete their task properly. They would have Lack of recognition, when an individual feels he is doing a perfect job but receives no praise or encouragement from managers; he may gradually lose the motivation to perform so effectively well on the company. Employees might also feel dishearten because they might not get information about the organisation, only orders from the leader. Employees are dependent on the manager, if the manager becomes ill, employees want have a clue what to do because they never worked by them self’s, they wouldn’t have initiative to start a job. There is no point in having technical staff and advisors if you don’t take any notice of their opinion. However managers should be able to rely on information staff offer and must give them due consideration. Possibly more importantly, staffs need to feel that they contribute to the organisation’s success and that they are a valued member of the team, this is why democratic management techniques are required. In my opinion I think is more useful to Caspian because there is two way communication flows, and they seek for the employees decision making on how the business should be managed, however, at the end is still the manager that makes the final decision. On my point of view, democratic is useful to Caspian because they are a small business and if employees are having any problems, they can communicate with the employers and solve their problems. The relationships are a lot more equal, the employees have a little more power on how the decision making is made. The employer’s gives employees empower, wish allows them to communicate their point of view and motivate the team by empowering them to direct themselves, and guide them with a loose reign. Therefore if there is any problem with machinery, if it isn’t working perfectly, the employees would communicate with the managers and perhaps the problem might be solved. Democratic management style could help the employees to feel more inspired and work more efficient and effective, causing more product activity. Unfortunately there is a big constraint because is time consuming, everyone shares their decision making. Decision making would take longer to occur, however it depends on the occasion the business is situated. I believe I have a good balance between democratic and autocratic management styles. However no style is right all the time; both are needed on the right occasion. Have effective and directed conversations, wish leads to open consultation, leading to the gathering of the maximum amount of information and leading to quality decision making. Caspian needs to find the key to make good quality decisions, leading to better business outcomes. Enhance your ability to empower your team, leading to increased employee commitment, leading to people motivated to take action. Caspian should develop a philosophy and strategy for educating staff about final decisions, leading to informed staff with an understanding of why decisions have been made, leading to better morale, mood and culture. Maximise organisational learning through communication of decision outcomes, leading to an increased ability in staff to make informed decisions in the future. They need to develop strategies to encourage staff to engage in different ways of observing, leading to greater innovation and problem solving, leading to the organisation being able to anticipate, customer needs.

Home vs Apartment Essay

Ever had to wonder if either to own a house or rent an apartment? These two materialistic items that give us shelter have there comparisons and differences. Many people decide to rent an apartment because they do not have money to buy a home. On the contrary, people sometimes do not like to live in apartments because of the lifestyle it has. Whether a house or an apartment, what’s the difference and what’s similar? A house and an apartment both have similarities. One of the similarities is that they both require rent. Rent depends on where the area the apartment or home is at and how big it is. The cost of living is often high under any shelter because it protects you from the outside weather and gives you a place to sleep. In addition, the monthly rent amount is sometimes the same at a home as well. Another comparison that these two have are they both have variable amount of rooms and baths. They vary to a one bedroom and a one bath to a 5 bedroom and 3 bath apartment, in which this also applies also to a home. Although, a home has a better chance on having more than an apartment. Depending on how many rooms and bath a person would like, there is a way to get that. The most important similarity is that they both provide shelter. Shelter is important because it provides a sense of security and a place of belonging. Everyone would like to live under a roof and, a home and an apartment, both successfully accomplish this. whether it be small or big, they both provide shelter. Besides the comparisons, these two have differences. One of the most obvious differences between these two is that living in an apartment allows easy mobility to move. In order to move from a home, there is more difficulty due to signing a loan out in order to buy the house. In an apartment, the person leases for a certain amount of time and then can either renew it or move. With a home it is more difficult because it requires to sell the home and also the loan that was taken out to be paid off. Another difference is that in an apartment you do not have the option to remodel the inside. In a home, since it is the homeowners property, they can remodel all they want. For example they can knock down walls, paint and add additional rooms. Another difference are how close the neighbors are. In an apartment, the neighbors are door to door. Sometimes the people on the bottom half of the apartment hear everything you do if you are on the top floor. There also a low tolerance of loud noises. For example, turning up the radio and listening to it loud can make the neighbors mad and make a  complaint about you. In the contrary, living in a home, the neighbors are more distant. The noise level does not really matter because many people do not complain. After comparing and contrasting both an apartment and a home, they both have their pros and cons. Apartments are easy to move from but do not have more to offer. On the other hand, a house gives more options to do anything but it also limits mobility to move. An apartment and a home have their similarities along with their differences.

Process Essay Essays

Process Essay Essays Process Essay Essay Process Essay Essay Process Essay Name: Institution: Process Essay Many people like going enjoy the outdoors, especially going for camps with their friends and families. While some have gained much experience from the camping trips they went to when they were younger, others have a bad experience because they are at a loss of what to do to take care of themselves. One of the most important activities that a person does when camping is making a fire. Some people have a difficult time trying to build a fire. They spend a long time trying to make the wood burn, and the whole area ends up filled with smoke. This negative experience can make some people hate camping. When making a campfire, a person should maintain high safety standards by controlling the fire and ensuring that he extinguishes it before leaving the area. Campfire is necessary for different purposes. Other than making food, it also helps people to keep warm. People tell stories around the campfire, and it helps to deter some unwanted visitors such as some animals away from the camp. There fore, it is essential to learn how to make a good campfire. Materials: Dry wood Kindling, this can include small twigs and branches Lighter/matches Tinder, which can include dry grass, paper, parts of plants such as tree barks and leaves Rocks Water Process: A person should ensure first that he or she makes the fire in an area where the earth is bare. The area should not have any dry grass or plants on it, and it should be far from any other vegetation such as trees A person begins by making a fire ring, which involves surrounding the area where he or she intends to build the fire with rocks Place the tinder at the center of the fire ring Use the lighter or match to ignite the tinder Add more tinder in the process, as it burns fast Add small pieces of the kindling to the tinder gradually, ensuring that it burns A person should continue increasing the kindling in the fire while ensuring that there is enough space for air Once the kindling has lighted nicely, add the dry wood fuel, one piece at a time, while ensuring that there is enough space between the pieces of woods to enable the passage of air Lay the pieces of wood in the fire in a way that they crisscross Points to Note: A person may need to blow at the base of the fire in case the fire goes out One should add the wood fuel only according to the size of the fire needed. Few pieces of wood will do if the person needs the fire for a short period Making the fire ring is essential because it helps to keep the fire under control Wet wood, kindling, and tinder will not light well A person should ensure that he does not build the fire near the tents A person should arrange the kindling and wood in such a way that there is enough space for air passage. This ensures that there is enough oxygen to keep the fire going A person should put out the fire once he is done with it by sprinkling water on the coals

Research Paper Topic Ideas

Research Paper Topic Ideas Research Paper Topic Ideas Research Paper Topic Ideas While writing research paper, you should remember that it must be based an original controversial topic. Research paper writing requires exploration of  some problem (for example, terrorism, abortion, genetically modified food). The topic shouldn't be too general. If you are interested in investigating the topic you care about, you should read as much literature as you can find. It help you not only to narrow your research paper topic but also to know more about the chosen topic. For example, the topic 'Abortion' is too general, but you may investigate one side of this problem while writing academic research paper. The narrow one will be 'Induced abortion as an independent risk factor for breast cancer' . While writing research paper on this very topic, you should give general information in the introduction about the problem of the abortion in the modern world. A thesis statement should also be presented at the end of the research paper writing introduction. You should write po ssible pros and cons in the body of your research paper. It'll be a good idea to present data which support your arguments; otherwise you will end with opinion paper, not research paper. The body paragraphs should explain your chosen position on the topic supported with the evidence. Finally, research paper conclusion is a last step where you should include concluding remarks. Research Paper Help If you have some uncertainty how to write a research paper, this part of the article will give you helpful information for research paper writing (referencing secondary sources): Use secondary sources while writing research paper. It means that your research may come across the other writer who quotes or discusses another book or author. In this case, you must cite on the reference page the source where you have found this reference to another book. However, the original sources may not be included in your reference page of the research paper. However, you obviously must include source where you have found the reference. Besides, you must tell the reader the name of the author whose work was paraphrased or quoted. For example: Anderson (as cited in Jackson, 1998, p. 71) the professor of linguistic reports that...   If necessary, you need to add appendix page. If you have appendix, mark it as Appendix in the center at the top of the research paper page. If you have two, three, four etc. use capital letters beginning with the first one (Appendix A, Appendix B etc.). The appendix shouldn't be placed on the reference page. Custom Written Research Paper If the above information is not enough for you to write a research paper, you can always rely on our assistance.   is available 24/7 to assist you with research paper writing on any topic.   We provide free plagiarism report and guarantee authenticity of every delivered custom written research paper.

Alternative management accounting (AMAR)

Alternative management accounting (AMAR) In this paper, the emergence of alternative management accounting (AMAR) will be discussed followed by the contributions it has brought to the field of knowledge. After which, reasons why alternative management accounting research s tools and techniques has not successfully displaced the use of traditional accounting research s and techniques in organizations will be discussed. The importance of addressing this issue is to justify if this alternative direction is right within management accounting academia, and whether it should be continued. The emergence of alternative management accounting research occurred in the late 1980s partly due to the shortfalls of the traditional management accounting approaches. Traditional management accounting research (TMAR) is objectivist-orientated, with a focus upon unifying characteristics. These assumptions have limitations and hence are unable to provide broader insights into the nature of management accounting. TMAR makes no distinctions between the perspective of the organization and its managers (Puxty, 1993). In general, this approach encouraged a financial accounting mentality and also encouraged a focus on external financial reporting requirements (Johnson Kaplan, 1987). It was widely believed that all management accounting research existed to inform rational decisions to achieve organizational goals which essentially refers to achieving shareholder wealth maximisation. TMAR also has an implied assumption that the manager is isolated from other decision makers when making decisions (Scapens, 1991). Group decision makings were either ignored or considered to be non-existent in TMAR. Traditional approaches are problem motivated and are aimed towards bettering and refining tools and techniques to inform rational decisions in order to achieve given organizational goals (Covaleski, Dirsmith Samuel, 1996). As a result, it provides narrow insights as focus was not brought into the broad er social, political and economic settings (Macintosh, 1985). Traditional management accounting thoughts was greatly influence by neoclassical economic analysis (Scapens, 1994). According to Otley (1984), though management accounting centres on the provision of information, the core theoretical approach derives from economics in which the rational model dominates. The utilization of power, group considerations, choices and purposes are disregarded or excluded from neoclassical analysis. Such factors are assumed to minimally impact individuals (Spechler, 1990).Individuals live and interact within society, but are not altered or affected by these social interactions (Ulman, 1998). Neoclassical economics has no intention to explain behaviours if managers within the organization (Scapens, 1994) and hence cannot adequately study social phenomena since it does not consider the political, social and organizational factors that affect individuals. Ryan and Scapens (2002) state that management accounting research based upon positivist theories; may be useful for predicting general trends, but they will not be helpful in explaining individual behaviour; nor are they likely to be useful as guides to individual managers or firms about their own economic behaviour . Traditional management accounting researches offers a narrow insight to the world, which limits individuals abilities to create and analyze interesting propositions and develop meaningful stories about MA in its social, organizational and behavioural contexts (Hopper, Storey Willmott, 1987). Rational designs also limit one s abilities to develop critical positions and impends the ability of MA research community to carry out significant scientific conversation and achieve progress. The limitedness recognised in the rational designs approach of traditional management accounting has ignited the interest of a core group of alternative management accounting researchers from Europe who had strong sense and beliefs that management accounting was much more beyond the very simplistic positivist technical view. They believed that there was a lot of new and important insights that AMAR could bring to the field of knowledge and began to emphasise the need to study management accounting in the contemporary world from a broader political, cultural and social perspective (Baxter Chua, 2003). Critique of Means-Ends reasoning Traditional MA tools and techniques are developed from rational design theories (Hewege, 2012) but it was never questioned if the tools and techniques are practical or useful for the organization. They might be unintended and unrelated to achieving unclear organizational goals. Even when organizational goals are not achieved, managers choose to learn from the failures and improve on the tools and techniques used. Therefore AMAR promotes rethinking and restructuring traditional practices. The organization should question if better finances automatically denote benefits for the company and consider if the reputation or social responsibilities might have greater impacts on a companies long-term growth. Critique of the real Information can be easily manipulated which means that information presented might not portray an objective view. Hence, the importance of MA tools and techniques are subject to the reader s interpretation due to differing reactions that people have towards the information they have. Every organization is different which means tried-and-tested concepts is not adequate to capture the performance of the whole organization. It is crucial for managers to accept the fact that there is no one ideal solution. Mouritsen s study (1999) suggests that due to the current technological advancements, non-human actant can be relied on to aid in the interpretation of information. Management accountants can have more time to focus on other important things such as improving the performance of the company from social, or cultural aspects. Critique of accounting s impotence The apolitical imagery of TMAR is challenged by AMAR. AMAR enables us to understand the ability of management accounting practices to achieve or bring about a certain result. Baxter and Chua draws an example of this from the politicised budgetary process of a Swedish local government (Jonsson, 1982). Although technologies such as budgeting systems were thought to be useful in influencing important decisions, it might in fact be detrimental for the organization if they are invented for use by the personally motivated. They may mobilise political power to set policies and rules and as a result, influence management accounting practices which might not contribute to achieving organizational goals. AMAR states that it is these technologies that contribute to the overt clashes of interests in organizations and society, and the oppression of others (Chua, 1995). Critique of accounting change The rational designs approach provides sparse empirical evidence that an enlightened, well-engineered and progressive path characterises the development of management accounting technologies (Baxter Chua, 2003). Some researchers demonstrated the roadblocks that particular organizations faced in attaining a fit between management accounting control systems and appropriately modifying environments contexts when using the rational design approach (Ezzamel Bourn, 1990). AMAR has increased understanding of accounting change by conveying distinct insights. For example, attributing changing of sociocultural, political and economic conditions to a plethora of changes within MAP in the 20th Century including the emergence of value-added accounting (Burchell, Clubb Hopwood, 1985). AMAR recognises that accounting changes are not predictable, not controllable, exclusively technical or well-behaved. Memorably, many of these perspective would not be covered in the mainstream approach. Critique of bodiless forms of MA practice. Baxter Chua (2003), discussed the ways in which management accounting is both inhibited and assisted by the inherent attitudes of its proponents. This alternative research highlighted the importance of interactions between the management and the organizational participants. Management accounting is not just about the techniques that inform, maximise, and optimise decisions- it also focuses on the people who uses them, and who continually interact to understand their needs and habits. For example, emphasising the need to motivate companies employees. This is supported by Preston s (1986) research, which set an anchor between an organization s processes and an individuals involvement within them. So what practical contributions has AMAR made? Alternative management accounting researchers have been challenged to face important contemporary topics which includes but not limited to globalisation, hybridity and the network society (Baxter Chua, 2003). Globalisation brings about high exposure of information, increasing trade and competition. And in these contexts, it is not enough for companies to remain competitive just by using financial measure. As testified to by Kaplan and Norton, who stated that financial measures tell stories of historical events, which are appropriate for industrial age companies whereby customer relationships and long term investment capabilities were not critical for success. However, these financial measures are inadequate for guiding and evaluating the journey that information age companies must make to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation.† Globalisation causes the global dissemination of technology, popular culture, workers, financial capital, knowledge, and goods and services. Though globalisation uproots MA practices from their context and diffuses it to other remote locations, knowledge of how technologies travel and the issues that result from it are very limited (Vaivio, 2008). AMAR sees management accounting as a set of practices implicated within complex processes of societal and organizational interpenetration which requires implementation of expert systems that interconnects time and spaces. AMAR has helped developed tools and techniques like Economic Value Added (EVA) and the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to help companies gain competitive advantage in this environment. The balanced scorecard is a tactical planning and management system that is used in business and industry, government, and non-profit organizations worldwide. The purpose of the BSC is to improve internal and external communications, align business activities to the stratagem and vision of the organization, and monitor organization performance against planned goals. It is a performance measurement framework that considers both strategic non-financial performance measures and financial metrics to give managers a more holistic view of the performance of the organization (Kaplan Norton, 1996). Hybridity suggests the examination of the functioning of management accounting in conditions with both traditional and new elements such as the local and the global, private and public. For example, the university in which Baxter and Chua worked in an educational institution that was widely viewed to be a public institution. However, reducing government funds and increasing fee paying students dominated the budget of the faculty. Hence the university is in a way, no longer considered to be a public institution but is not a private one either. This creates contradictions, but accounting inscriptions are central to the ongoing function of this hybridity by conveying economic differences between public and private entities and traversing this differences to enable the university to function. AMAR contribute insights to the hybrid roles of management accountants. Instead of their traditional score keeping controller role, their new accounting role is focused on consulting and helping the organizational participants implement and adapt to the new accounting change. This is supported in Pharmaceutical, which is a UK Based manufacturing branch of an international pharmaceutical product producer, where hybrid accountants assist day managers with day to day decisions as well as advising performance measurement product stream leaders on strategic issues (Hopper, Northcott Scapens, 2007). A change in the image of accountants was observed by looking at how they were portrayed in software advertisements. It was seen that the image of accountants has changed from being dependable and logical to a more self-indulgent person from the 1970s to the 1990s (Baldvinsdottir, Burns, Noreklit Scapens, 2009).This reflects changes in wider social practice from a modern way of thinking to a h yper modern way of thinking. Finally, it has been suggested by Baxter and Chua (2003) that we are living in the network society. This basically meant a digitized, technologically advanced surveillance society, where management accounting can cause any type of action to become visible. Through qualitative analysis, we can ask whether management accounting is taken on-board in the creation of a super panopticon, an open space where personal privacy is exposed (Baxter and Chua, 2003). Latourian researchers are known to be the most suitable out of the other approaches to take on such modern-day alternative research, in view of the close attention this point of view lends to the interaction between networks of individuals and non-human objects, such as computers (Baxter Chua, 2003). AMAR has brought insights to show how management accountants have been influenced by external factors. It was identified in a study that social advertisement has encouraged management accountants to hand over control to systems which are able to do everything while the accountants themselves should follow instructions (Baldvinsdottir, Burns, NÃÆ' ¸rreklit Scapens, 2010). AMAR has also contributed to the growth of new management accounting techniques including technology road mapping to help organization fit in the new technological advanced environment. Technology roadmapping is a flexible technique prevalent within industries to balance long-term strategic issues alongside short-term financial performance. The approach provides an organized way to explore and communicate relationships between evolving and developing markets, products and technologies over time. It is suggested that the roadmapping technique can boost companies chances in stormy environments by providing them a focus during environment scans, and a means of tracking the performance of individual, including potentially counterproductive, technologies (Phaal, Farrukh Probert, 2004). Whilst Miller and O Leary recorded widespread use of technology roadmaps in their case study of Intel corporation, its use in capital decision making practice is still in its infancy. Also, despite its recognised potential for supporting strategic investment decision-making, this strategic analysis tool has yet to make its way into mainstream capital investment academic materials. (Hopper, Northcott Scapens, 2007) Despite the advances of knowledge through AMAR over the last 30 years, AMAR has not completely displaced the traditional approaches. Organizations outside Europe still uses the traditional approaches to determine the performance of the company. This is because changes are often time-consuming and expensive, considerably impacting an organization s overall success. Another reason on why organizations refuse to change is due to a form of mimetic isomorphism (Baxter Chua, 2003). This is with a mind-set that since other organizations are still going on well using the traditional, rational approaches, so must we. Also, according to the theory of structural inertia, organizations are hesitant towards change because they are reluctant to take unnecessary risk. They prefer replicable behaviours as constancy is rewarded. Change not only disrupts current business but also can lead to disaster. As a result, organizations continue with past procedures, even when it seems irrational to do so (Hansen, 2012). Though TMAR have their own limitations, they should not be replaced by AMAR. A blend of usage of tools and techniques developed from the two areas of research should be considered by organizations. For example, using TMAR techniques to influence financial measures and using AMAR techniques to focus on non-financial measures which help organizations grow substantially and maintain sustainability in both short-term and long-term aspects. In conclusion, AMAR emerged mainly due to limitations identified in the traditional rational approach and increased interests. AMAR has contributed significantly in helping organizations operate and gain competitive advantage in the contemporary environment. The direction to explore into AMAR is right because in doing so, regression will not occur within the MA academia (Lukka Mouritsen, 2002). However it is important for AMAR to not lose sight of its public responsibility, and for it to persist in providing insights that protect individuals against impersonal, entrenched forces that are not in their interests. Qualitative research needs to investigate the social, societal and political facets of management accounting, and remind us of the larger picture containing the beliefs and motivations that lie beneath the surface of modern practice.

Conflict within Nursing Work Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Conflict within Nursing Work Environment - Essay Example Nurses are assuming a significant position in this system and its complex transitions. Therefore, as expected, nurses regularly experience conflicts during the course of their work, whether it is during their day-to-day practice or due to larger organizational conflicts. Interpersonal conflicts occur between individuals in the work environment. If two stakeholders are on an equivalent power level, interpersonal disagreements may simply cause irritation and annoyance. However, if one of the stakeholders has some actual or perceived authority over the other, this situation can potentially lead to what is called as conflict (Caplan G., 1964). This work is a critical reflection of a conflict event in work place that I had experienced. Before going into analysis of that particular event, the process of a conflict and its results needed to be known, since the idea of this reflective article is to explore how a conflict can be managed in practice and why. The incidence that I am going to state involves workplace interpersonal conflict, and this took place in our ward. A female senior nurse found an elderly female patient very upset, complaining about a male physician who had treated the patient in a rude manner. The patient asked for more medicine for her pain, but did not get it, and was told to accept the pain and stop nagging. The patient started to cry, but the physician let the room ignoring that she was hurt with his comments and her pain was real. The nurse confronted the physician about his conduct, and the physician began by trivializing the incident and continued by indicating his disagreement with the underlying o rganizational policy, and ended with a personal attack on the behaviour of the nurse to a physician. The stake holders in this scenario are the nurse, the physician, and the patient. It is obvious from the above scenario that there has been incompatible preference ordering between the nurse, the physician, and the patient. This is a situation where the patient has perceived that the physician has frustrated her concern. This is a destructive conflict, since this issue has been amplified, broadly defined with the addition of tangential items, and emotionally charged. When it comes to the nurse and she tries to manage the conflict, it becomes constructive when she confronts the physician to solve the issue between the patient and the physician. Here the same issue is focused and kept at a manageable size. Only peripheral issues that relate to the main point are discussed, and the process of choice is action, rather than a reaction. In contrast to destructive conflict, here when the nurse plans to resolve it, there is no competition and demonstration of power that is constructive. Her discussion with the physician about this issue is characterized by solutions that respond to the needs of all stakeholders in this conflict in an attempt to finding an acceptable solution that may be a compromise or a new one

Racial and Ethnic Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Racial and Ethnic Diversity - Essay Example is rise in diversity so much of a problem This is an imperative question, for by viewing growth in racial and cultural diversity as a problem, policy makers, educators, and journalists, have set the stage for how societies will respond to this change. This does not mean that a change in the ethnic and racial structure of a school or community does not throw up new challenges or necessitate a change in approach as regards the part of educators. New immigrants palpably speak languages other than English, and in several California school districts, it is not unusual for over 40 foreign languages to be there among the student population. The arrival of racial minorities time and again leads to racial clashes and the venting of several kinds of bias and intolerance. Those receiving the new arrivals feel endangered and apprehensive and counter with antagonism and resentment. Finally, and most significantly, diversity is deemed as problematic because American schools have traditionally seen cultural incorporation of immigrants and non-whites as essential to their mission. One of the biggest concerns of politicians and educators during the nineteenth century was how new immigrants would be integrated into the American mainstream. Public schools were often considered the most rational place where task of converting foreigners into Americans could be executed. Still, "Americanization" was not restricted to foreigners. In the southwest it was routine for Native American children to be separated form their families and sent to boarding schools. The point was to convert them into Christians. As far as African American and many Mexican American children were concerned, segregated schooling actually saved them from being subjected to... According to the report findings diversity is deemed as problematic because American schools have traditionally seen cultural incorporation of immigrants and non-whites as essential to their mission. One of the biggest concerns of politicians and educators during the nineteenth century was how new immigrants would be integrated into the American mainstream. Public schools were often considered the most rational place where task of converting foreigners into Americans could be executed. As the paper declares today de-segregation has changed that too. As a consequence, the spoken language of children – be it Ebonics or Spanish - has frequently been subject to eradication. In addition, the cultural variations of these children are associated with cultural inferiority far too often, and not unpredictably, children from these groups are likely to fare poorly in school, get into serious trouble, or for that matter even drop out. Given America’s history, and given the authentic challenges that escort an increase in diversity, several educators and communities would treat this as a problem. Small towns and rural areas are showing that diversity is the country’s future and there is a concerted effort being shown in fostering diversity in the years to come. There is another option. Instead of reacting to rising diversity with apprehension and insecurity, it is feasible to treat diversity as an asset and work out ways of responding to it which facilitate the society to reap benefits from this pluralism.

Should The Pin-Up Photographs And Calendars Have Been Taken Down Essay - 1

Should The Pin-Up Photographs And Calendars Have Been Taken Down - Essay Example This author’s opinion is that the pin-up photographs and calendars should have been taken down. But it would have been more prudent to communicate to employees why they would be taken down. A simple reason could be that personal pin-up photographs and calendars, or any other personal poster for that matter, are not allowed in the workplace as an employer’s rule. The workplace is, after all, the employer’s property. It may also be argued that the pin-up photographs and calendars create a sexually hostile environment for women, as it did for Barbara Hill. A woman is not expected to work in a sexually hostile work environment when she takes a job where most of her co-workers are men. She has the right to work in an environment free of sexual harassment and she is entitled to work where female employees are not made uncomfortable because of their gender. These may be the very reasons why the supervisor decided to take down the pin-up photographs and calendars, as wel l as shared Barbara Hill's views regarding them. The supervisor may have believed it in his power or authority to take down the offensive materials. However, although according to Chambers, sexually suggestive or explicit photos can be used to support a hostile environment claim, he also contends that hostile environment law involves disparate treatment, not disparate impact. Funk, therefore argues that there is no judicial support for prohibiting graphic representations in the workplace as long as no gender is was made to feel inferior or treated differently.

How Salt can be separated from a Solution of Water Essay

How Salt can be separated from a Solution of Water - Essay Example How Salt can be separated from a Solution of Water It was concluded that sodium chloride disintegrates in water to sodium and chlorine ions that are surrounded by polar water molecules. This allows dehydration of the compound NaCl†¢2H2O to form crystals of salts. The compound salt has many usages from the different fields of science, agriculture, industries and domestically as a food additive. Salt, which is a naturally occurring mineral and having the principal component as sodium chloride, has many uses both industrially and domestically. NaCl is a common salt, and it has an ionic compound formed as a result of gaining and sharing of electrons by sodium ions and chloride ions. The salt is responsible for the sea water salinity and in organisms that are multicellular, the salt forms the extracellular fluid required in cell activities. The salt was anciently used as a form of currency in some of the cultures as a result of its cost especially when salt trade was of importance in the Mediterranean times. Domestically, the salt id edible is it adds taste to almost all meals consumed in the human diet. Additionally, the salt is used as a food preservative and as a condiment. Lastly, the salt is used industrially in extractions of different types of compounds like chlorine and sodium in chemical synthesis. This report explains the method in which a dissolved salt, NaCl can be separated from water using the solar method process. The process of evaporation is involved since water will be get rid of leaving behind the salt.

Engaging Colleagues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engaging Colleagues - Assignment Example Most basic techniques of regression and analysis of variance are not completely understood or used appropriately (Judd, 1995). I can assume that I’m not alone facing this problem, my colleagues must also face this and I’m guessing like me, many opted statistics to get over the math-phobia. One strategy would be if a teacher could help explain the most common tactics that can used as tools to make sense of the data analysis quickly. The quicker we make sense of the data analysis the better. It is obvious that the majority finds complex reports very boring and they require stamina and perseverance in comprehending reports. The manners of presenting the data count a lot and findings can be significantly enhanced in the presentation on the data (www.ori.dhhs.gov). Whether there is a gun to my head or not, there are certainly some of the reports that I do find interesting. Any report on patient psychology triggers curiosity and I love to comprehend and learn new things in the report, having said that, I would never read complex reports out of my own desire. There is simply no point if students cannot simply understand what the report wants to tell them. Most of us are wrongfully lead to believe that numbers are unquestionably correct (Helberg, 1995), which is one of the reasons why people hesitate in questioning them. There should be little bit of coaching on how to speedily analyze the data. For instance, there can be a time limit given to the students and colleagues to practice with and special instructions, so that when they will read complex reports they will only look for things that are absolutely necessary, otherwise known as clearing the word noise and getting to the

Should The Pin-Up Photographs And Calendars Have Been Taken Down Essay - 1

Should The Pin-Up Photographs And Calendars Have Been Taken Down - Essay Example This author’s opinion is that the pin-up photographs and calendars should have been taken down. But it would have been more prudent to communicate to employees why they would be taken down. A simple reason could be that personal pin-up photographs and calendars, or any other personal poster for that matter, are not allowed in the workplace as an employer’s rule. The workplace is, after all, the employer’s property. It may also be argued that the pin-up photographs and calendars create a sexually hostile environment for women, as it did for Barbara Hill. A woman is not expected to work in a sexually hostile work environment when she takes a job where most of her co-workers are men. She has the right to work in an environment free of sexual harassment and she is entitled to work where female employees are not made uncomfortable because of their gender. These may be the very reasons why the supervisor decided to take down the pin-up photographs and calendars, as wel l as shared Barbara Hill's views regarding them. The supervisor may have believed it in his power or authority to take down the offensive materials. However, although according to Chambers, sexually suggestive or explicit photos can be used to support a hostile environment claim, he also contends that hostile environment law involves disparate treatment, not disparate impact. Funk, therefore argues that there is no judicial support for prohibiting graphic representations in the workplace as long as no gender is was made to feel inferior or treated differently.

Engaging Colleagues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engaging Colleagues - Assignment Example Most basic techniques of regression and analysis of variance are not completely understood or used appropriately (Judd, 1995). I can assume that I’m not alone facing this problem, my colleagues must also face this and I’m guessing like me, many opted statistics to get over the math-phobia. One strategy would be if a teacher could help explain the most common tactics that can used as tools to make sense of the data analysis quickly. The quicker we make sense of the data analysis the better. It is obvious that the majority finds complex reports very boring and they require stamina and perseverance in comprehending reports. The manners of presenting the data count a lot and findings can be significantly enhanced in the presentation on the data (www.ori.dhhs.gov). Whether there is a gun to my head or not, there are certainly some of the reports that I do find interesting. Any report on patient psychology triggers curiosity and I love to comprehend and learn new things in the report, having said that, I would never read complex reports out of my own desire. There is simply no point if students cannot simply understand what the report wants to tell them. Most of us are wrongfully lead to believe that numbers are unquestionably correct (Helberg, 1995), which is one of the reasons why people hesitate in questioning them. There should be little bit of coaching on how to speedily analyze the data. For instance, there can be a time limit given to the students and colleagues to practice with and special instructions, so that when they will read complex reports they will only look for things that are absolutely necessary, otherwise known as clearing the word noise and getting to the

Report Education System in Japan Essay Example for Free

Report Education System in Japan Essay Japan has already begun to experience a population decline, with the result that many universities are already having difficulty maintaining their student populations, although entry into top ranks of the universities remains hugely competitive. The emerging and foreseeable trend is that many universities will have to try to attract large numbers of foreigners or diversify or face closure. It is also now said that a university education in Japan is within easier reach of students today, but that the quality of that higher education is now in question despite the many educational reforms that have been set in motion. Each academic year begins in April and comprises of two semesters. Basic general degrees are four-year degrees, a feature adapted from the American system. Undergraduate students receive instruction via the lecture and seminar group method. The general degree may be followed by two-year Masters degrees (generally a combination of lectures and guided research) and then a three year Doctorate (largely based on research) where these are offered. Graduate education in Japan is underdeveloped compared to European countries and the United States with only slightly more than 7 percent of Japanese undergraduates going on to graduate school as compared to 13 percent of American undergraduates. Postgraduate educational offerings are weak and the number of universities offering postgraduate programmes or a wide variety of programmes, is small, compared to that in other industrialized western countries. Japan has about three million students enrolled in 1,200 universities and junior colleges and consequently the second largest higher educational system in the developed world. Japan also has one of the largest systems of private higher education in the world. The 710 odd universities in Japan can be separated into 3 categories: highly competitive, mildly competitive and non-competitive (the schools that are first-tier being the infamously difficult to enter ones). Public universities are generally more prestigious than their private ones with only 25 percent of all university-bound students being admitted to public universities. More than 65 percent of high school graduates continue their studies; of these, over 70 percent are enrolled in private colleges and universities. Only about 10 percent of private institutions receive their financial resources from public funding, with most public funds on higher education being spent on the national and local public universities. Despite the impressive statistics, Japanese universities are considered to be the weakest link in the countrys educational system. While many western writers have, time and time again, attributed the economic success of Japan to the well-educated and highly literate population of Japan, recent writings and studies tend to be far more critical, lamenting the deplorable state and quality of higher education in Japan today. Despite the famed exam rigors and competitiveness, declining standards in education and the high school students lack of interest in studying have lately been under spotlight. Some attribute this disinterestedness to the fact that academic effort no longer assured automatic rewards with the disintegration in the formerly stable and guaranteed lifetime employment system. Japanese students are also widely known to traditionally consider their university days to be a social playground, a reward for the hard work and having made it there, and, as many critics have recently pointed, professors demand relatively little from their students. Despite the institutional change and sweeping national reforms underway in response to these criticisms, the key problems remain unresolved: the pyramidal-structure of the university system and entrance exam wars; the centrally-controlled curriculum and lack of individuality and creativity of students as well as the lack of competitiveness in educational suppliers.

Preventing Youth Offending through Social Work

Preventing Youth Offending through Social Work Introduction to Social Work. David Gower and Jackie Plenty. S134487 The area I have chosen to discuss is Youth Offending and intend to look at options that will help prevent re-offending and how we, as Social Workers, work as part of a team within Youth Offending. I intend to look at what areas of society are more likely to offend or re-offend. A young offender is defined as someone under 18 years of age who has committed an offence. The legal age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales, is ten years old, therefore anyone under the age of 10 cannot be held responsible for their actions. Anyone aged between 10 and 14 years old is presumed to understand the difference between right and wrong, so they can be convicted of a criminal offence if found guilty. Teenagers between 14 and 17 years old are fully responsible for any crimes they commit, but they are sentenced differently in relation to adults. Young offenders are assessed by the (1) Youth Justice System (YJS). There are a number of risk factors which may make a young person more likely to become involved in committing crime or anti-social behaviour. Whilst not exhaustive these include a lack of education, poor family relationships, having family members or peers who have offended, and misuse of substances. The YJS aim to tackle these problems (www.yjb.gov.uk) According to the Children Act 1989, the childs welfare shall be the courts paramount consideration. Therefore why do we lock so many children up, but allow terrorist to walk free under a control order? (Part 1 Welfare of the child) In the United Kingdom we lock up more children than any other country in Europe. 90% of young offenders put in prison will reoffend within two years of release. The UKs (2) Youth Justice Board spends 70% of its budget on custody, 5% on preventive methods; leaving just 25% for restorative and other methods. The age of criminal responsibility in England, Wales and Northern Ireland is 10 years old. In Scotland its eight. Interviews with young offenders revealed litanies of jailed mothers, abuse at home, street living, and failed foster care. Almost all such children are excluded from school, and other attempts to divert them are laughable: youth clubs with a pool table, one TV and one PlayStation to fight over. (radio-youth justice)   The Crime and Disorder Act was legislated in 1998 for the first time. Working together as part of the new Multi-agency (3) Youth Offending Team under section 39(5) a Youth Offending Team (YOT) would now consist of a Social worker, a police officer, a probation officer, a nominated person from the education department a nominated person from the health authority. Working as part of a YOT involves being a member of possibly the most diverse and wide ranging multi-agency team within Social Care. Under the (4)GSCC code of practice Social workers have 6 standards (5)that need to be maintained within Social Care settings ensuring that you can build up a relationship with your client and their carers, whilst using this we also need to take into account the National Occupational Standards and use these to provide a benchmark within our practice. Within Youth Justice the National Standards are set by the Home Secretary and issued by the YJB. The Standards provide a benchmark to measure good practice whilst working with children and young people who offend, as well as their families and victims. Social work has little to contribute and little wish to contribute to the effectiveness of prisons if one takes the view that their primary purpose is to punish and humiliate their inmates. If, on the other hand, prisoners are there as a punishment, not for additional punishment, Social Work has an important role, prison based Social Workers can play a vital part in helping prisoners maintain contact with communities, preparing them for constructive activities after their release, and providing opportunities for reflection on their offending and planning for a better life. Social Work is based upon a belief in dignity and worth of all human beings, and in individuals ability to change. (Williams cited in) The role of social work may be more effective if partnered with a service user using a Care Control system, thus avoiding more custodial sentences. The service user would be well aware they had narrowly avoided a custodial sentence and would be guided by the Social Worker if they do not conform to the agreement that they could end up back in court and eventually back to Prison. Having a basic understanding of the Human Development as well as a good knowledge of Social Work Codes of Practice will help us to understand the service users role within society. We need to help empower the service user into making the right decision for them, by giving them the means and help to do it. By treating them with dignity and respect at a level they can understand without them feeling inferior or pressurised to make a decision by the Social Worker. Within this we can offer help with past problems they have suffered using (6)S.W.O.T. analysis, counselling, curfews, boundaries, mentoring, restorati ve work, talking to parents and working with multiple agencies to ensure the service user gets the service and support they need. Helping the service user to promote positive change and help reduce risk. A service user is a term used to emphasis a professional relationship. Service user involvement is putting the people who use our services in control of the lives offering support they may need, to help them overcome their issues and empowering them to lead more fulfilling lives. The anti-social behaviour orders were introduced by Tony Blair in 1998 and by 2005 55 per cent were being breached (cited in article-1228445 Daily Mail) is this because the courts and the police are making the (7)ASBOs unrealistic , Setting out for the Young person to fail and break the order, so they can then go back to court to get the young person of the streets. Working as professionals within the Multiagency setting of YOT we should be looking for opportunities to empower the young person into meeting realistic targets and not setting ASBOs which we know they will be unable to comply with for various reasons. Under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) State Parties recognise the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognised as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the childs sense of dignity and self worth.(Youth Justice and Social Work ) Piaget distinguished three stages in childrens awareness to rules by playing   games, 1st ages up to 4-5, rules not really understood,2nd stage 4-5 up to 9-10, rules were seen to be coming for a higher authority (e.g. adults, god, town council) 3rd stage 9-10 onwards rules could be mutually changed by others. (cited Understanding childrens development) Many young people who become involved in violence and crime have experienced this type of behaviour from a parent or a peer, if they have learnt that this is the accepted way of dealing with a problem and have seen or experienced this kind of abuse they may have little self esteem and perceive this to be the correct way of dealing with an issue. As discussed by Paiget about children learning and understanding rules, if a child is taught the wrong moral standings by an adult in stage 2, it could lead to them following the wrong path in life. Using this theory we can benchmark where a child should be. There was a drop in the number of children entering the justice system for the first time in 2007/08. Numbers of first time entrants aged 10 to 17 entering the Youth Justice System in England and Wales were around 87,400, a fall of about 7 per cent on the previous year. Slightly more than 2,700 of children in this age group were in custody in England and Wales in December 2008, including around 500 children aged 15 and under. The majority of young offenders in custody were boys (94 per cent). More than four-fifths (86 per cent) of young offenders were held in Young Offenders Institutions, 8 per cent were in Secure Training Centres and 6 per cent were in Secure Childrens Homes. Around 51,000 children aged 10 to 17 were found guilty of indictable offences in 2007 and a further 75,000 were cautioned. Of those found guilty of an indictable offence, more than a third (36 per cent) were found guilty of theft and handling stolen goods and around 14 per cent were found guilty of violence against the person. Boys aged 15 to 17 accounted for 69 per cent of all children found guilty of indictable offences in 2007 including theft and handling stolen goods (11,200 offenders), violence against the person (5,500 offenders), drug offences (4,600 offenders) and burglary (4,500 offenders). (Source: Home Office, Ministry of Justice, Youth Justice Board ) In Order to help prevent this from happening the government launched a program called Youth Inclusion program (8)(YIP) which was established in 2000, and tailor-made programmes for 8 to 17-year-olds, who are identified as being at high risk of involvement in offending or anti-social behaviour. Whilst the programs are run for the identified children, YIPs are also open to other young people in the local area. The programme operates in110 of the most deprived/high crime estates in England and Wales. YIPs aim to reduce youth crime and anti-social behaviour in neighbourhoods where they work. Young people on the YIP are identified through a number of different agencies including youth offending teams (YOTs), police, social services, local education authorities or schools, and other local agencies. YIP receives a grant each year from the Youth Justice Board annually via its Youth Offending Team and is required to find the same amount of funding via Local Agencies. (Cited YJB/Prevention YIPS) Working in genuine partnership with other agencies and being able to access more information will enable the social worker to assess the service users needs quicker and have a detailed history of the client, which will help everyone involved within the multiagency partnership. Most referrals will come via a common assessment form (9) CAF which is used to highlight the areas each individual agency feels the service user is at risk and working within the comprehensive framework for assessment. An independent national evaluation of the first three years of YIPs found that: arrest rates for the 50 young people considered to be most at risk of crime in each YIP had been reduced by 65% of those who had offended before joining the programme, 73% were arrested for fewer offences after engaging with a YIP of those who had not offended previously but who were at risk, 74% did not go on to be arrested after engaging with a YIP. (Cited YJB/Prevention YIPS) Even though these results prove YIP to be an effective project it struggles for the necessary funding. If YIP had more readily available funding there would be more opportunity to intervene early with the affected children.   Earlier invention would help to refocus the energies of children. This could mean that eventually that we can have early intervention programmes running in all areas where children are more at risk and this could potentially prevent my children becoming involved in crime. The evidence shows that intervening early with the most challenging families in this country works. Ed Balls MP, Childrens Secretary (cited Children Young People Now) The conflict between Social work ethics and the legal systems is arguably more distinct in the practice of youth justice than any area within the Social work field. Positive, constructive achievement through social work intervention for a young person will encourage the young person to take responsibility for their actions and empower them to reflect their options whilst making decisions. For a young person, age discrimination and labeling often occur, which could give the young person an attitude and make them feel quite defensive, paranoid sometimes. I think Society possibly needs to change its way of thinking, our New Labour government has passed over 900 new laws since coming to power. This has had an effect on how we view children and young people, 20 years ago we had 339 children in prison, today we have over 3000, does this mean that children have become 10 times more dangerous?. I dont believe that children and young people have really changed as much as statistics say, I believe it is because we have too many laws and because some people live in such a dysfunctional manner, that they prefer to be in prison as they are warm, safe, can get qualifications, they have friends and they get 3 meals day and it is a routine for them, whereas living within a family that is dysfunctional could mean living with violence, drug or alcohol abuse and not having their basic needs met on a regular basis. Everything that happens within a service users life is logical to them. A positivist believes that crime is not chosen but caused largely by factors beyond the offenders control. In essence, the belief is that offenders simply cant help themselves, certain genetic, psychological or environmental factors have influenced their behavior and the existence of these factors means that offenders are almost pre-programmed to become criminals. This is one of the great contradictions of the positivist approach to crime is its focus on reformation and rehabilitation. (Taylor et. Al. (1973) cited in Youth Justice and Social Work Appendix YJS- Youth Justice System YJB Youth Justice Board YOT- Youth Offending Team GSCC General Social Care Council GSCC-   6 Standards S.W.O.T Strength, Weakness, Opportunities Threats. ASBO- Anti Social Behaviour   Order YIP- Youth Inclusion Program CAF- Common Assessment Form General Social Care Council Standards: Code of practice. As a social care worker, you must protect the rights and promote the interests of service users and carers. As a social care worker, you must strive to establish and maintain the trust and confidence of service users and carers. As a social care worker, you must promote the independence of service users while protecting them as far as possible from danger or harm. As a social care worker, you must respect the rights of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or other people. As a social care worker, you must uphold public trust and confidence in social care services. As a social care worker, you must be accountable for the quality of your work and take responsibility for maintaining and improving your knowledge and skills. Referencing http://www.yjb.gov.uk/en-gb/yjs/Prevention/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/feb/15/radio-youthjustice Oxford: Blackwell. Davies, M. (2000) The Blackwell Companion To Social Work,Oxford: Blackwell. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1228445/We-rein-ASBOs-Tories-plan-instant-penalties-control-yobs.htm Dugmore, P. and Pickford, J. (2006) Youth Justice and Social Work,Exeter: Learning Matters. Smith, P.K. and Cowie, H. (1996)   Understanding Childrens Development (2nd ed.),  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Oxford: Blackwell. Page 198 Source: Home Office, Ministry of Justice, Youth Justice Board http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=2200) http://www.yjb.gov.uk/en-gb/yjs/Prevention/YIP/ Ed Balls quote (Children Young People Now) 3-9.12.09 Dugmore, P. and Pickford, J. (2006)  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Youth Justice and Social Work,  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Exeter: Learning Matters. Page 49 Taylor

Essay examples --

Brandon Kour Date 2/12/2014 Mrs. Pohlonski 1st Hour A world of cloning Cloning use to be a thing of pure science fiction. Ever since the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, was created by Dr. Ian Wilmut, scientists have been working on different techniques to clone animals and even humans. Scientist have developed several methods recently to clone animals. Harvesting Cells, Tissues, and Organs for cloning or later use advances scientists way to save lives and create the perfect baby. Cloning can be used in medicine, the revival of endangered species, cloning livestock, and even in drug production. Cloning for medical uses has the ability to benefit millions of people. First of all, with cloning you can clone animal models of disease. Most scientists that test the cause and effects of human diseases use mice as test subjects. Usually scientists introduce the disease to the animals for testing. However, giving the animals the disease requires a lot of trial and error. Cloning could significantly diminish the time needed to create these animal models and the outcome would be a community of genetically identical animals. In addition, scientist can use cloning to make stem cells. Stem cells are the building blocks of the body that maintain and repair the body throughout ones life. Stem cells can repair the body by themselves and can be used to repair or regenerate damaged organs or tissues. Some scientists are even looking at cloning as a way to create identical stem cells from the same human and help prevent heart attacks or strokes. If a stem cell is cloned that has a disease res earchers and scientist can understand the disease more and understand treatment. (Why Clone?, January 6, 2014) On June 11, 1993 a movie hit t... ...arize everything Harvesting Organs and tissues for cloning has many benefits. Whether its for Medical uses, Stem Cells, Bringing back extinct species, and Livestock cloning is definitely going to help us in the future. But until then the low success rates and the low survival rates will just have to continue. In Conclusion Cloning is truly a remarkable way to save lives,bring the back, and even fix them. REFERENCES APA format: Genetic Science Learning Center (2014, January 8) What are the Risks of Cloning?. Learn.Genetics. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/cloningrisks/ APA format: Genetic Science Learning Center (2014, January 8) Why Clone?. Learn.Genetics. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/whyclone/

The Power of Language in Shakespeares Othello Essay examples -- GCSE

The Power of Language in Othello      Ã‚   In Othello, Shakespeare explores the relationship between words and events. Spoken thought, in the play, has all the power of action; speaking about an event will make that event become reality for those who hear - it will affect reality as if that event had taken place. Shakespeare demonstrates the power of words poignantly through Othello's monologues. Othello struggles with the reality that Iago creates for him. When Othello speaks, he reveals that he is unable to stop himself from carrying out acts that Iago's and his own words have prophesied and initiated. Othello's monologues further demonstrate that even the knowledge of the power of words cannot protect the characters from the consequences which the words demand. Speaking about an event is prophecy in Othello, but it is more than just an objective foretelling of the future. Words become the all powerful initiators of action, once spoken they cannot be counter-acted , they alone determine the course of the future. Othello's monologue before he murders Desdemona is an excellent passage to study Shakespeare's thesis of how words relate to action. 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Put out the light, and then put out the light! 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If I quench thee, thou flaming minister, 9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I can again thy former light restore 10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Should I repent me.   But once put out thy light, 11   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thou cunning'st pattern of excelling nature, 12   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I know not where is that Promethean heat 13   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That can thy former light relume: when I have plucked the 14  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     rose 15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I cannot give it vital growth again, 16   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It needs must wither. Ãâ€"   (Othello, 5.2.7-... ...d the destinies of others. Shakespeare's language in all of his writing is incredibly forceful, but in Othello he makes a statement about the powerful impact the spoken word has on reality. It is a message of responsibility and warning, Othello is a tragedy of powerful words spoken wantonly. Works Cited and Consulted Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeare’s Tragic Heroes. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. Di Yanni, Robert. â€Å"Character Revealed Through Dialogue.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986. Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

History 1302

The mind set of Americans during the decade prior to the Spanish American war, the influence of the Americans during the war. Expansionism and imperialism and the causes of the war and what did the Americans gain and lose. The Americans had a long history of imperialism from the expulsion of the native Americans, the Mexican American war, the Spanish American war, the control of cuba and the Philippine, the annexation of Hawaii and Samoa and also the occupation of much of latin America between 1890 and 1930.Their tendencies were outgrowth of ethnocentrism which was the belief in manifest destiny. Expansionism was the control of another country’s market or political system through the use of trase and diplomacy and imperialism was the control of another country’s market or political system through the use or threat of use of force. The causes of the American Spanish war, united states had little interest in economic cuba and the south had yet to regain its stature.The Cu ban rebels began to attack Americans owned properties, McKinley sent the battleship maine to Havana to protect the American interests, the battleship blew up due to coal dust or the magazine too close to the boiler room, Theodore Roosevelt also wanted war, he dispatched dewey to the Philippines with out the knowledge of the secretary of navy or the president of united states. America was in the mood for war to demonstrate its strength, and what better nation to go to war with, manifest destiny, racism and imperialism were also cause to the war.The United States gained almost all of Spain's colonies, including the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Cuba was granted independence, but the United States imposed various restrictions on the new government, including prohibiting alliances with other countries, and reserved for itself the right of intervention. Cuba remained technically independent but was required to submit its foreign policy to American approval. By gaining these territo ries it helped America gain some more resources.3.The conditions and causes of the progressive era, how it affected people, where did the reforms begin and why, who were the three of the most famous national leader. The causes were the deplorable state of america’s cities including the boss system with it’s corruption, graft and the resulting high taxes which fell on the middle class. Uncontrolled monopolies which ran roughshod over small business and the interest of the people. The corrupt relationship between big business and state and federal government’s elected officials. Lack of any control of the negative impacts on the public of the rampant abuse of the public trust by big business. And then the abuse of children and women in the work places.5. General reasons for the war in Europe and specific causes and the reasons for the U. S entry into the war. The general causes of the great war, imperialism each major European nation had its colonies in Africa and asia and each saw its colonies as a measure of its own national prowess and also colonies meant sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods for each country. Nationalism was such an ingrained part of the culture and different nationalities in Europe that it is had to separate it from what it means to be british, French, german, or Russia.Its also played apivot role for the Serbians who assassinated the arch duke of Austria hungary, played a role second to pride and marital fealty which bought the arch duke to Sarajevo on that fateful day and also bought America into war. Militarism could not separate from a country’s nationalism in 1914, it was the struggle for the military to make sure that their country would not loose territory if attacked that led to the war that could have been prevented, it also helped the deformed Kaiser Wilhelm to compensate for his short stature.Disintegration of the ottoman empire, vacuum caused by the dissolution of the ottoman empire caused the other nations to lust for those territories and it also liberated yearnings of nationhood and ethnic pride and revenge. Secret and entangling alliances were developed in order to maintain an equilibrium while other nations were trying to upset that equilibrium and gain a power advantage over their rivals were a material cause for the war.War was viewed as an extension of diplomacy and relatively risk free way to gain territory and advantage over a rival, the memory of the diplomats was short, it did not take into account the suffering caused by the Napoleonic wars. Continuing rivalry between france and germany following the franco-russian war. The lack of meaningful communication and understanding internally between the military and diplomatic wings of the various European countries.The U.S entry into the war, Wilson called on his fellow citizens in 1914 to remain which was impossible for a nation of immigrants from all of the countries in the war. Economic realities also made imposible the task of dealing with the belligerents on equal terms, the british put a blockade on german and the germans were using the new submarine warfare to challenge british domination on the atlantic. Wilson demanded that german promise not to repeat such outrage and the germans agreed to his demands. He also demanded that german abandon its unlawful tactics and the german government.